Ex-post estimates of costs to business of EU environmental policies:
نویسندگان
چکیده
The contents and views contained in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the European Commission.
منابع مشابه
On the Accuracy of Regulatory Cost Estimates
This study compares ex ante estimates of the direct costs of individual regulations to ex post assessments of the same regulations. Our review of more than two dozen environmental and occupational safety regulations indicates that ex ante estimates of total (direct) costs have tended to exceed actuals. We find this to be true of 12 of the 25 rules in our data set, while for only 6 were the ex a...
متن کاملA new approach factor- entropy with application to business costs of SMEs in Shanghai
Business cost is acknowledged as one of the priorities in SMEs research. In thisstudy, the business cost of SMEs in Shanghai was primarily measured using Factor-Entropy analysis method. The purpose of this study is to effectively resolve the issueof simplification and assignment evaluation index system on business costs of SMEsin Shanghai. However, this study uses factor analysis to interpret t...
متن کاملUsing economic instruments to
Air transport has become a vital component of the global economy. However, greenhouse gas emissions from this sector have a significant impact on global climate, being responsible for over 3.5% of all anthropogenic radiative forcing. Also, the accrued visibility of aircraft emissions greatly deteriorates the public image of the industry. In this context, incentive-based regulations, in the form...
متن کاملMinimum distance requirements and liability: implications for co-existence
The co-existence of conventional and transgenic products in the food chain introduces new elements in the evaluation of the profitability of transgenic crops and, consequently, on the farmer’s adoption decision. In particular, one emerging problem farmers are facing in Europe is related to the legal liability of transgenic-crop cultivation. In Europe, a mixture of ex-ante regulations and ex-pos...
متن کاملTransaction Costs of Environmental Policies and Returns to Scale: The Case of Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans
Environmental policies are considered to be more onerous for small businesses than for large ones due to increasing returns to scale of abatement technologies as well as transaction costs. Comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMPs) are being promoted to reduce excess nutrient applications on livestock farms in order to improve water quality. Development of CNMPs has been shown to exhibit i...
متن کامل